The problem begins with bacteria. Our mouths are packed with these tiny microbes. They combine with mucus and particles to form a sticky, colorless film - called plaque - on our teeth. Brushing and flossing can get rid of some plaque. But many that remains can harden and form tartar, a yellowish deposit that can become rock-hard.
Plaque and tartar buildup can lead to gum disease - technically known as periodontal disease. The most common and mild type of gum disease is called gingivitis. The gums become red and swollen, and they can bleed easily. Daily brushing and flossing and regular cleanings by dental professionals can usually clear up gingivitis.
If gingivitis is not treated, it can become a more severe type of gum disease called periodontitis. Symptoms of periodontitus include bad breath that won't go away; gums that are red, swollen, tender or bleeding; painful chewing; and loose or sensitive teeth. In periodontitus, the gums pull away from the teeth and form "pockets" that become infected. If you have periodontitis, your dentist may recommend a deep-cleaning procedure called scaling and root planing. In more severe cases, you may need surgery.
In recent years, gum disease has been linked to a number of health problems. Researchers are studying possible connections between gum disease and: Heart disease, stroke, diabetes and premature births. These alone are excellent reasons to good home care of your teeth and gums every day, along with regular professional cleanings and dental visits.
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